The purpose of this article is to provide you with a depth understanding of the Windows Registry and the Wealth of information it holds.
Today most administrators and forensic analysts, the registry probably looks like the entrance to a dark.
Besides Configuration information, the Windows Registry holds information regarding recently accessed files and considerable information about user activities.
The truth is that the Registry is a veritable goldmine of information for both the administrator and forensics investigator.
What is the Registry?
If you remember back to DOS and early versions of Windows(3.1,3.11 and so on ), configuration information (drivers, settings) for the system was largely managed by several files-specifically, autoexec.bat, config.sys, win.ini (on Windows), and system.ini.
Various settings within these files determined what programs were loaded and how the system looked and responded to user input, Later versions of Windows replaced these files with the Registry, a central hierarchical database that maintains configuration settings for the application, hardware devices, and users.
How Windows Registry Structure Looks!
When the administrator or Forensics expects to open Regedit.exe, he sees a tree-like structure with five root folders, or “hives”.
- HKEY_CLASSES_ROOT hive contains configuration information relating to which application is used to open various files on the system.
- HKEY_CURRENT_USER hive is the active, loaded user profile for the currently logged-on-user.
- HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE hive contains vast configuration information for the system, including hardware settings and software settings.
- HKEY_USERS hive contains all the actively loaded user profiles for that system.
- HKEY_CURRENT_CONFIG hive contains the hardware profile the system uses at startup.
Registry Examination
MRU lists:
MRU, throughout or”most recently used” list, contains entries made due to specific actions performed by the user. There are numerous MRU LISs throughout various Registry keys.
The Registry maintains these lists of items in case the user returns to them in the future. It is similar to how the history and cookies act in a web browser.
The location of this key is HKEY_CURRENT_USER\software\microsoft\windows\currentversion\Explorer\RunMRU and it contains
With the information provided by the RunMRU key, an examiner can gain a better understanding of the user they are investigating and the application that is being used. In the above figure, you can see the user has opened cmd, Notepad, MSPaint, etc.
USB Devices:
Anytime a device is connected to the Universal Serial Bus (USB), Drivers are queried and the device’s information is stored in the Registry(Thumb Drives).
This key stores the contents of the product and device ID values of any USB devices that have ever been connected to the system.
So forensics experts will drill down to the path HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SYSTEM\controlset001\Enum\USBSTOR.
Internet Explorer:
Internet Explorer is the native Web browser in the Windows operating system. It utilizes the Registry extensively in the storage of data, like many applications.
Internet Explorer stores its data in the HKEY_CURRENT_USER\Software\Microsoft\Internet Explorer\TypedURLs.
Attached Hardware:
Navigating to the following key HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SYSTEM|MountedDevices.This information can be useful to a forensic examiner as it shows any connected storage device has been recognized by the operating system.
If the examiner notes a discrepancy between the physically attached devices and the ones reported here, it can be an indication that some device was removed prior to the evidence being seized.
Malicious Software:
Navigating to this following key HKEY_CURRENT_USER\Software\ this information will be juicy stuff for Forensics Examiner as it could see the hacker used CyberGhost Vpn which is used for being anonymous.
Recent Applications:
Navigating to this following key will give information for the last accessed applications list HKEY_CURRENT_USER\SOFTWARE\Microsoft\Currentversion\Search\RecentApps.
This user has a vast list of applications, one of which was Vmworkstation found.
Crucial information can be obtained by performing an efficient and effective forensic examination.
So you can investigate to find ongoing malicious Activities in your Environment. Happy Investigating !!!!!
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